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Parthia in Hou Hanshu
There are many similar contents in Hou Hanshu and Shiji or Hanshu, but after Zhang Qian went to Western regions, as many people were able to go out of China on private or official business, the records of relations with western regions became more…
European trader at the Silkroad
The statue shows a European trader on the Silk Road. It is 52 cm high and made of terracotta. The fact that it was made in China suggests that the statue shows a trader from an Asian perspective. From this, conclusions can be drawn about how European…
Coin of Ardashir as King of Kings
In 223/224 CE, Ardashir I gained victory over Artabanus in the Battle of Hormizdagan (Bosworth 1999, 14) and proclaimed himself King of Kings while still on the battlefield (Bosworth 1999, 15). Later, in 226/227 CE (Bosworth 1999, 409ff., N.B. 411;…
Early Patch of the Coinage from the Reign of Ardashir I as King of Persis
The first minting phase of Ardashir began with his cononation as king of Fars after his bother Shapur, the originally designated king of Fars, died in a collapsing building (Bosworth 1999, 8). According to the interpretation from Altheim-Stiehl 1978,…
The Origin of Ardashir I, Founder of the Sassanian Empire
Ardashir I or Ardeshir I (Ardašire Bâbakân) was the founding father of the Sassanian Empire (224/226–651 CE) and also known as Ardashir the Unifier (180– 242 CE). Some texts call him Artaxerxes, surely pointing to the Persian continuity of rule. The…